Maslahat and Two Modern Theories: Pragmatism and Utilitarianism

Abstract

This study examines the concepts of maslahah, pragmatism, and utilitarianism from a comparative perspective to explore the moral, legal, and philosophical dimensions of change. Throughout human history, the phenomenon of change has been one of the fundamental factors shaping the intellectual and practical approaches of individuals and societies. Within philosophical movements and Islamic thought, how this change is directed, the principles under which it is considered legitimate, and the consequences it produces have been significant areas of discussion. While maslahah emerges as a principle in Islamic thought aimed at preserving social order and individual benefit, pragmatism asserts that knowledge and truth should be evaluated based on their practical outcomes. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, is an ethical theory that determines moral correctness based on an action’s contribution to overall utility. Although these three concepts stem from different epistemological and ethical foundations, they shape individual and societal decision-making processes in distinct ways, highlighting both their similarities and differences.